I-Pterosauria: Angisiye “idayinaso endizayo”
Ngokolwazi lwethu, ama-dinosaur ayengamakhosi omhlaba ezikhathini zasendulo. Sikuthatha kalula ukuthi izilwane ezifanayo ngaleso sikhathi zonke zihlukaniswe ngesigaba sama-dinosaur. Ngakho-ke, ama-Pterosauria aba “ama-dinosaur andizayo”. Eqinisweni, ama-Pterosauria ayengewona ama-dinosaur!
Ama-dinosaur abhekisela ezihuquzelayo ezithile zomhlaba ezingahamba ziqonde phezulu, ngaphandle kwama-pterosaur. Ama-Pterosauria ayizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezindizayo nje, kanye nama-dinosaur womabili angaphansi kwemifula yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ye-Ornithodira. Okusho ukuthi, ama-pterosauria nama-dinosaur anjengo "abazala". Ayizihlobo eziseduze, futhi ayizikhombisi ezimbili zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezaphila enkathini efanayo, futhi ukhokho wawo wakamuva ubizwa ngokuthi i-Ornithischiosaurus.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwephiko
Izwe lalibuswa ama-dinosaur, kanti isibhakabhaka sasibuswa ama-pterosaur. Bangumndeni, kungani omunye esesibhakabhakeni kanti omunye usemhlabathini?
Entshonalanga yeSifundazwe saseLiaoning eShayina, kwatholakala iqanda le-pterosauria elalicindezelwe kodwa alizange libonise zimpawu zokuphuka. Kwabonakala ukuthi ulwelwesi lwamaphiko embungu ngaphakathi lukhule kahle, okusho ukuthi i-pterosauria ingandiza ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa.
Ucwaningo lochwepheshe abaningi lubonise ukuthi i-pterosauria yokuqala yavela ezimbaleki ezincane, ezidla izinambuzane, ezinemilenze emide njenge-Scleromochlus, ezazinezimbotshana emilenzeni yazo yangemuva, zifinyelela emzimbeni noma emsila. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yesidingo sokusinda nokudla, isikhumba sazo saba sikhulu futhi kancane kancane sakhula saba nesimo esifana namaphiko. Ngakho-ke zazingaqhutshwa phezulu futhi zikhule kancane kancane zibe izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezindizayo.
Izinsalela zibonisa ukuthi okokuqala laba bafana abancane babengebona nje abancane, kodwa futhi nokuthi isakhiwo samathambo emaphikweni sasingabonakali. Kodwa kancane kancane, bathuthuka baya esibhakabhakeni, futhi iphiko elikhulu, i-Pterosauria endizayo enomsila omfushane yathatha indawo “yama-dwarf” kancane kancane, futhi ekugcineni yaba ukubusa emoyeni.
Ngo-2001, kwatholakala insalela ye-pterosauria eJalimane. Amaphiko ensalela alondolozwe kancane. Ososayensi bayikhanyisa ngokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet futhi bathola ukuthi amaphiko ayo ayeyi-membrane yesikhumba enemithambo yegazi, imisipha kanye ne-fiber ende. I-fiber ingasekela amaphiko, futhi i-membrane yesikhumba ingadonswa iqine, noma igoqwe njengefeni. Futhi ngo-2018, insalela ezimbili ze-pterosauria ezatholakala eShayina zabonisa ukuthi nazo zazinezimpaphe zakudala, kodwa ngokungafani nezimpaphe zezinyoni, izimpaphe zazo zazincane futhi zithambile kakhulu ezingase zisetshenziselwe ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba.
Kunzima ukundiza
Uyazi? Phakathi kwezinsalela ezitholakale, amaphiko e-pterosauria enkulu angakhula abe ngamamitha ayi-10. Ngakho-ke, abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi noma ngabe anamaphiko amabili, amanye ama-pterosauria amakhulu awakwazi ukundiza isikhathi eside nebanga elide njengezinyoni, futhi abanye abantu bacabanga nokuthi angase angaphinde andize nhlobo! Ngoba asinda kakhulu!
Kodwa-ke, indlela i-pterosauria eyayindiza ngayo ayikacaci. Abanye ososayensi bacabanga nokuthi mhlawumbe i-pterosauria ayizange isebenzise ukushelela njengezinyoni, kodwa amaphiko ayo avele ngokuzimela, akha isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele se-aerodynamic. Nakuba i-pterosauria enkulu yayidinga imilenze eqinile ukuze isuke phansi, kodwa amathambo amakhulu ayenza isinda kakhulu. Ngokushesha, bathola indlela! Amathambo ephiko le-pterosauria aguquka aba amapayipi angenalutho anezindonga ezincane, okwawavumela ukuba "anciphise isisindo" ngempumelelo, abe nezimo eziguquguqukayo nezilula, futhi angandiza kalula kakhulu.
Abanye bathi i-pterosauria yayingakwazi ukundiza nje kuphela, kodwa yandiza njengezinyoni ukuze idle izinhlanzi ezivela ebusweni bolwandle, emachibini, nasemifuleni. Ukushayela kuvumela i-pterosauria ukuba ihambe amabanga amade, ibalekele izilwane ezidla ezinye futhi yakhe izindawo ezintsha zokuhlala.
Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Kawah Dinosaur:www.kawahdinosaur.com
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-18-2019